A Homily on Exodus 34.1-9

 

Prayer of Invocation

Father,  increase in us the gifts of faith, hope, and love; and, that we may obtain what you promise, make us love what you command; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

Proclamation

 Who’s the most famous person that you’ve ever met or seen in person? Can you remember what you felt like when you saw him or her? The heart racing, the hands clamming up; on the one hand you felt woefully and supremely inadequate, and on the other you felt uniquely privileged to be in the presence of such greatness. I know Campbell will probably say meeting Steph Curry (who by the way, I’ve been informed, I rank above in coolness according to a recent Confirmand poll), or getting a Dude Perfect video sent to him for his birthday.

 When I was about 11, I met John Madden. At that time he was the head football coach of the Oakland Raiders. He was a huge man, with huge hands, and he was sitting on the edge of my parents’ bed with my dad, learning to do play by play for football games. (My father trained coaches and former athletes to do play by play. Madden was one of his first clients!) Somehow the whole neighborhood heard that Madden was in our house. When I looked out the window I noticed a crowd had gathered in our yard. They wanted an autograph, they wanted to see him face-to-face, to shake his massive hand, to see his glory if you will. I was in awe; I felt woefully inadequate. And at the same time, I felt uniquely privileged beyond all my neighbors. 

 A funny thing happened to me after that event. My dad got very famous as a sportscaster for the major San Francisco news channel (in those days we didn’t have ESPN and local news people were famous). Everywhere we would go people would stop us and ask for his autograph, try to talk to him. And, as a result of his sports show, I got a chance to meet all kinds of famous people: Joe Montana, Jose Canseco, Mark McGuire, Ricky Henderson, Dwight Clark, Chris Mullen, John Elway, Jerry Rice, Bill Walsh, to name a few. But after one or two invitations to meet these famous people, I began refusing the offers. Why? Because it had become so ordinary, so familiar. I had other things to do.  I was around famous people so much that it didn’t feel unique, special, or awe-inspiring.

 It’s a crude analogy, but it is not far off: sometimes we can get that way with God. We can become so familiar with God, so used to meeting with Him, so used to talking with Him and about Him, that we forget who we are dealing with. In fact, we can often domesticate God, turning him into a predictable God that we grow complacent with. Our text this morning from Exodus 34 is part of a larger unit, Exodus 32-34, in which we are reminded of who we are dealing with when we regularly meet with God. It’s really important for us to be reminded of this encounter that God had with Moses and Israel, in part because it keeps us from domesticating God, turning him into our pet comforter. 

 Exodus 32-34 presents a complex and in some regards a paradoxical picture of God. One the one hand, God is a terrifying, consuming fire. He warns Moses to keep the people and even the animals clear of Him as He visits Moses on the mountain--lest they be consumed with fire. The people themselves are afraid of Him, so they ask Moses to speak to Him on their behalf. God is dangerous. And there is a sense in which He is so dangerous that precautions must be made before one meets with Him. We also learn in Exodus 32 that God’s love is expressed as wrath when it meets with sin and rebellion. The wider story of Exodus and Leviticus, however,  paint a picture of a holy, consuming God making it possible for a sinful people to have fellowship with Him--lest they be destroyed. 

 But, Exodus 33-34 also present a complementary picture of God, one that describes God’s goodness as so overpowering that if one were to fully encounter it, it would leave you overwhelmed--it would also destroy you. For YHWH says to Moses, “I will make my goodness pass before you...but you cannot see my face, for man shall not see me and live (Exod 33.19-20). 

 It is important to remember that God has not changed. We gather this morning to worship this same God, as familiar as He may be to us. Our text this morning, Exodus 34.1-9, is one of our first introductions into what we now often take for granted: grace. Yes, grace is not a new idea that Jesus and Paul introduce us to in the New Testament. Grace is rooted in the very character of God from the beginning. The Gospel of John reminds of this: “For from [Jesus’] fullness we have all received grace upon grace. The law was given through Moses [the first act of grace]; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. No one has ever seen God; the only God, who is at the Father’s side, he has made him known.” (John 1.16-18) The point that John is making is that the grace we learn about in God’s interactions with Moses has been extended and amplified in Jesus. 

 This encounter that Moses has with God in Exodus 34 is the culmination of a conversation that the two have been carrying on. Moses and the people that he has brought out of Egypt are in no-man’s land. They are in the wilderness--a dangerous and precarious place. They are faced with two dangers: the God who has delivered them, and the place in which they now abide--a world of chaos, fear, scarcity, and unknown terrors lurking in the shadows. Moses pleads with God: “go with me. I need, we need, Your presence and Your favor. Show me your ways, show me your glory, or else leave us here to die.” (Exod 33.14-16).

 God promises Moses that He will indeed go with him, and will give him the rest they are looking for (Exod 33.14). But before he moves them along, He reveals Himself in a manner that becomes foundational for the rest of the Scriptures. The Lord passes by Moses and proclaims who He is: “merciful, gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness, keeping steadfast love to the thousandth generation, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children’s children to the third and fourth generation (Exod 34.6-7).” 

 It’s a complex picture, and one that has been misunderstood. Yes, God’s primary mode of being is that of grace and mercy; of giving people what they do not deserve, of not giving people what they do deserve. And yet, we learn in Exodus 34 that God is just. He will punish sin. But even in this there is a great disproportion. God visits his grace and mercy on the thousdandth generation. But his judgement for sin only reaches to the third and fourth generation. It is a picture that prepares us for our reality--there will be rebellion, disobedience, and sin. But in spite of that God will remain faithful to his promise, he will not break off a relationship with us because of our rebellion and sin. This is what “steadfast love” or chesed means. God extends mercy even when the relationship He has set for us has been broken. 

But this mercy is not to be presumed upon. You see, way before Paul ever wrote Romans 6, people have been tempted to ask, “shall we sin so that grace or steadfast love may abound?” Far before Paul, God’s grace was treated as an excuse to continue in sin. But we learn here, that the gracious and merciful one does and will judge sin and punish rebellion: “I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy (Exod 33.19).” 

 It is important to note the context in which God reveals Himself in this way--in the midst of Israel’s rebellion! God offers to go with Moses and the people in the midst of their sin. God acknowledges that the people are a “stiff-necked” lot, but nevertheless promises to go with them. In other words, in the narrative, God chooses to go with Moses and the people precisely because they are who they are--sinners, rebellious, stiff-necked! 

 Moses’ response is important, and it should be ours. Worship. “Moses quickly bowed his head toward the earth and worshipped (Exodus 34.8).”  This terrifying, awful (in the original sense of the word), dangerous God is also wonderfully full of mercy and grace. And He has extended this grace to Moses and the people, and has promised to go with them. The only fitting response is awe and wonder; gratitude and humility. We are in the presence of greatness. His presence not only makes us feel woefully and supremely inadequate, but also uniquely privileged. That’s what His favor does for us. 

 I say us, because, as we know, this grace and favor has been extended to us. We stand before the same God. Moses prayed, “take us for your inheritance”. And in Jesus Christ and by the Spirit, this is what God has extended to us. Paul says it like this in our charter text, Ephesians: “In [Jesus], you also, when you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation, and believed in him, were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit, who is the guarantee of His inheritance of us until He acquires possession of it, to the praise of His glory (Eph 1.13-14).”  Our English translations of Ephesians 1.11-14 don’t always draw this out as they should, but the point that Paul is making here is that we have been incorporated into God’s favor, we have joined Israel as God’s inheritance. And the sign of this is the Holy Spirit, who marks us out and by which God says “You are mine!” And this is His glory! For we too are a stiff-necked people, a people full of sin and rebellion, a people prone to make up our own idols too, only now they are more sophisticated: wealth, fame, comfort, self-determination, independence, pleasure, nationalism, sexual identity, ethnic identity to name but a few. It is precisely because this is who we are that God goes with us and shows favor towards us. To save us. And to manifest yet again that He is “merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness”. 

 Eucharist

 But this comes at a cost, as the Table reminds us. This Table not only communicates to us that God desires to fellowship with us, but also that sin must be punished, atoned for. For this merciful and gracious God, who abounds in steadfast love and faithfulness, must deal with our sin and rebellion. At the Table, he is both just and the one who justifies (or makes right). He does this through Jesus Christ--the ultimate sign of His steadfast love and faithfulness. For God put forth Jesus as a sacrifice of atonement for us all--so that those who pledge their allegiance to Jesus do not receive the punishment they deserve. The punishment that we all deserve has fallen instead on Jesus: this is the great exchange. 

 And what is our fitting response? Worship. Worship expressed in awe, gratitude, and humility. Worship expressed in the taking of these elements, this gifts of God, with awe, humility, and gratitude, so that we may share in fellowship with this God that has been revealed to us in Exodus 34. So let’s take of the body and blood of Jesus Christ; let us worship this God of abounding steadfast love and faithfulness. For not even our sin and rebellion can keep this God from showing His favor to us, nor can it keep us from His presence. 

 Reflection and Discussion Questions

 

  1. Are there ways in our own life in which God becomes overly familiar and predictable? 
  2. Does familiarity with God breed complacency in you?
  3. How might the picture of God presented to us in Exodus 34.1-9 protect us from domesticating God?
  4. How does Exodus 34.1-9, read in light of Jesus, lead us to worship?

 Benediction

 Blessed is the one whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered. Blessed is the one against whom the LORD counts no iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no deceit.

Psalm 32.1-2


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